Renal failure occurs when the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste from the blood and can lead to death if not treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation. It receives bile from the liver via the cystic duct which connects to the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct.

The 2nd century physician Galen of Pergamum compiled classical knowledge of anatomy into a text that was used throughout the Middle Ages. Rilegatore di Libri considerati patrimonio dell'umanità, creati completamente a mano con le tecniche del XVI e XVII secolo. In asthma, the respiratory system is persistently inflamed, causing wheezing and/or shortness of breath.Anatomy advanced further with the invention of the microscope and the study of the cellular structure of tissues and organs.

Cada brônquio penetra em um dos pulmões e divide-se em diversos ramos menores, que se distribuem por todo o órgão formando os bronquíolos. The study of human physiology began with Hippocrates in Ancient Greece, around 420 BCE, and with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) who applied critical thinking and emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. The lymphatic system is similar to the circulatory system in terms of both its structure and its most basic function, to carry a body fluid. Cells that lie on surfaces exposed to the outside world or gastrointestinal tract ( epithelia) or internal cavities ( endothelium) come in numerous shapes and forms – from single layers of flat cells, to cells with small beating hair-like cilia in the lungs, to column-like cells that line the stomach.Decúbito prono ou ventral: persoa deitada sobre a barriga ( abdome) e peito, coa cabeza inclinada para un lado. O corpo humano possui dois pulmões, divididos em segmentos chamados de lobos; o pulmão esquerdo tem dois lobos e o direito, três. Cells sit in an extracellular matrix that consists of proteins such as collagen, surrounded by extracellular fluids.