a b "Groups say airstrikes by US-led coalition killed 1,600 civilians in Raqqa". MilitaryTimes. 25 April 2019 . Retrieved 26 April 2019. a b Lister, Tim (6 June 2017). "Battle for Raqqa: 7 things you need to know". CNN . Retrieved 2017-06-11.

Brett H. McGurk, the special envoy with responsibility over the US-led military coalition, stated that the fighting in the city would be accelerated by the failures of ISIL in the Battle of Mosul, and stated that the forces were prepared for a "difficult and very long-term battle". [67] The Raqqa Museum had numerous clay tablets with cuneiform writing and many other objects vanishing in the fog of war. A particular set of those tablets were excavated by archaeologists from Leiden at the Tell Sabi Abyad. The excavation team cast silicone rubber moulds of the tablets before the war to create cast copies for subsequent studies in the Netherlands. As the original tablets were looted, those moulds became the only evidence of parts of the 12th century BC in Northern Syria. Having a lifespan of roughly thirty years, the moulds proved not be a durable solution, hence the need for digitization to counter the loss of the originals. Therefore the Scanning for Syria (SfS) project [65] was initiated by the Leiden University and Delft University of Technology under the auspices of the Leiden-Delft-Erasmus Centre for Global Heritage and Development. [66] The project received a NWO–KIEM Creatieve Industrie grant to use of 3D acquisition and 3D printing technology to make high quality reproductions of the clay tablets. [67] In collaboration with the Catholic University of Louvain and the Heidelberg University several imaging technologies were explored to find the best solution to capture the precious texts hidden within the concavities of the moulds. In the end, the X-ray micro-CT scanner housed at the TU Delft laboratory of Geoscience and Engineering turned out to be a good compromise between time-efficiency, accuracy and text recovery. Accurate digital 3D reconstructions of the original clay tablets were created using the CT data of the silicon moulds. [68] Furthermore, the Forensic Computational Geometry Laboratory in Heidelberg dramatically decreased the time for decipherment of a tablet by automatically computing high quality images using the GigaMesh Software Framework. These images clearly show the cuneiform characters in publication quality, which otherwise would have taken many hours to manually craft a matching drawing. [69] The 3D-models and high-quality images have become accessible to both scholar and non-scholar communities worldwide. Physical replicas were produced using 3D-printing. The 3D-prints serve as teaching material in Assyriology classes as well as for visitors of the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden to experience the ingenuity of Assyrian cuneiform writing. In 2020, the SfS received the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage of the Europa Nostra in the category research. [70] Ecclesiastical history [ edit ] SDF fighter enter another neighborhood in al-Raqqa city". Hawar News Agency. Archived from the original on 2017-06-13 . Retrieved 2017-06-09. U.S.-led airstrikes are killing hundreds of civilians in the battle for ISIS-held Raqqa, groups say". The Washington Post. 23 August 2017.Feel the ground beneath your feet in the Vibram Athletic Boating Shoe. Featuring an abrasion-resistant sole and drainage holes, you can submerge yourself into the depths and feel safe and secure. The unique design also helps you maintain grip, no matter where you are. It is an excellent option for those who are ready for adventure and want to do it in style!

Separate from this palace city and just outside the north gate of al-Rafiqah, there was a 160x130m rectangular building that also had a double enclosure. [9] This may have actually been built earlier than the more monumental complexes further northeast. [9]Another defense line of IS broken". Hawar News Agency. Archived from the original on 2017-07-02 . Retrieved 2017-06-30.

Raqqa Municipality Begins Rebuilding Roads In The City". Archived from the original on 21 October 2018 . Retrieved 20 October 2018. Fadel, Leith. "Civilians rise up against ISIS rule in Raqqa City: government". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016 . Retrieved 7 March 2016. Some of the Kurdish families were displaced to the northern countryside of Raqqa by the Arab 'Annazah tribe, after they began working with the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. [20] Stefan Winter, "The Province of Raqqa under Ottoman Rule, 1535–1800" in Journal of Near Eastern Studies 68 (2009), 253–67. Main articles: Battle of Raqqa (2013), Raqqa offensive (2016), and Battle of Raqqa (2017) Raqqa city mapMore casualties raise the death toll to about 80 in the continued shelling on Al-Raqqah city". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. a b c d e f g h i j Heidemann, Stefan (2009). "Settlement Patterns, Economic Development and Archaeological Coin Finds in Bilad al-Sham: the Case of the Diyar Mudar - The Process of Transformation from the 6th to the 10th Century A.D." (PDF). Orient-Archäologie. 24: 493–516. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 April 2022 . Retrieved 11 March 2022. The Battle to Oust ISIS From Raqqa Has Stalled". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 26 August 2017 . Retrieved 31 August 2017. We won't leave until the city turns into another Kobane. We'll only leave Raqqa when the last of us dies. In 2015, ISIL began to fortify the city and its surrounding areas with bunkers and a network of tunnels. [53]