In general, as ethnicities get exposed to a Western diet they have a fairly dramatic rise in IR (and probably that’s a better explanation than the “thrifty gene” hypothesis). of the 10 references we reviewed were either irrelevant, not convincing, or weakly supported the claim. Overall, the bulk of observational and interventional evidence does not support the claim that high carbohydrate diets are a major cause of insulin resistance. As the primary cause of insulin resistance appears to be excess accumulation of body fat driven by an oversupply of energy (as we outlined in claim 2), high carbohydrate diets probably contribute to insulin resistance to the extent they contribute to excess energy intake and body fatness, which is not unique compared to other diets such as a high-fat diet. So the nose comes to battle armed with some extra superpowers. But what happens to those advantages when cold weather hits?

Why We Get Sick - Podcast Episode 98 | Ask A Biologist Why We Get Sick - Podcast Episode 98 | Ask A Biologist

If you eat the same number of calories but have more insulin, you’ll get fatter. This is evident with diabetic patients and certain types of diets. Other temperate locations across the globe see similar patterns, with cold temperatures and low humidity being the prime factors, according to one 2013 analysis. The same cannot be said for tropical areas, however.IR tends to increase with age, including postmenopausal with lower estrogen, as well as lower testosterone. Although most cases of the common cold and flu tend to go away by themselves, every year, flu kills an estimated 290,000 to 650,000 people worldwide. Calcium doesn’t seem to be beneficial independent of dairy (dairy generally reduces the risk of IR). There is evidence to suggest that vitamin D is involved in making an antimicrobial molecule that limits how well the influenza virus can replicate in laboratory studies.

Book Notes: Why We Get Sick - by Max Olson - FutureBlind Book Notes: Why We Get Sick - by Max Olson - FutureBlind

Considering this gap in the evidence base, perhaps the strongest argument that insulin resistance could be the root cause of most chronic diseases is a logical one involving the potentially central role of insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. This is not a disease state per se, but metabolic syndrome is a common term used to categorize a cluster of metabolic abnormalities linked to chronic diseases: elevated waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein concentrations. When Gerald Reaven introduced the concept of metabolic syndrome ( originally ‘Syndrome X’) in 1988, he presented a series of cross-sectional studies showing strong associations between high insulin levels and other aspects of the syndrome. A range of mechanistic studies have since added to this pool of evidence to suggest that insulin resistance may precede the development of other components of metabolic syndrome and therefore be central to its development (a position accepted by many scientists). He usually skips breakfast, it’s the most convenient to change. If not, eat higher fat / higher protein rather than starchy sugary things with breakfast. There are certainly lifestyle factors that reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes independently of body weight, implying they either lower the personal fat threshold or reduce fat accumulation in the visceral organs. Exercise, for example, can shuttle more energy to muscle cells instead of fat cells and effectively reduce visceral fat. Or, unsaturated fats, as another example, store less energy as liver fat compared to saturated fats. Even in these cases, though, energy oversupply and body fatness appear to be the key mediating variables in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Criterion 1.2. Are the references cited in the book to support the claim convincing?

If your insulin peaks at 30 minutes, that’s good. If it peaks at 60 min, worrisome, 120 indicates definite IR (and much higher risk of DM2). We shall first discuss the external factors that cause disease. These are the most direct and understandable causes of our illnesses. They can be divided into three groups. The most prominent group is the ever-evolving pathogens.

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Infectious Disease: Evolving Challenges to Human Health." Koshland Science Museum of the National Academy of Sciences. (March 5, 2010 http://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhib_infectious/ depending on your answers to IR survey, rough suggestion: 2+, 5% carbs, 1+, 10% carbs, 0+ 20% carbs (about 50 , 75, or 100 grams of carbs per day. 25% protein for each). Many manufacturers make products that they claim can boost the immune system, but it is very difficult to promote its activity. Drinking a particular type of tea or taking supplements will not affect its functioning.

Over time, sleep deprivation can have more serious consequences. It is possible for sleep deprivation to increase the risk of: Kandola, A., et al. (2018). Moving to beat anxiety: Epidemiology and therapeutic issues with physical activity for anxiety.

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IR is extremely common, at least half of American adults have it, and possibly more like 88%. It’s also very common in other developed nations. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “common colds are the main reason that children miss school and adults miss work.” In criterion 1.1 we suggested the potentially central role of insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome might indirectly link it to most chronic diseases, but the author did not outline this argument in the book. We also discussed why we still would not consider this argument to strongly support the claim. Criterion 1.3. How well does the strength of the claim line up with the strength of the evidence? This reference scored 2 as it convincingly supports one part of the claim (that insulin resistance and high pressure are related) but not the other (that almost all people with hypertension are insulin resistant). The study is a post-hoc analysis of insulin sensitivity and hypertension from the prospective Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study—an observational study designed to assess the relationships between insulin resistance, insulinemia, glycemia, and other components of cardiovascular disease in 1,600 adults. It found the risk of developing incident hypertension over 2 – 5 years was 11% lower for every unit increase in insulin sensitivity. This effect corresponded with the most insulin sensitive group having a 33% lower risk of developing hypertension compared to the least insulin sensitive group.People are scared of saturated fat, but if you try to avoid it you tend to replace it with polyunsaturated fat from seed oils. The peak month for flu activity in the seasons spanning 1982–1983 through 2017–2018 was February, followed by December, January, and March.