Opium trade | History & Facts | Britannica Money". www.britannica.com . Retrieved 7 September 2023.

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This was the unkindest cut. Beside himself with rage, Essex plotted to seize the Queen and take control of the government. Elizabeth and her right-hand man, Robert Cecil, waited patiently for the Earl to over-reach himself. Which he did on Sunday, February 8th, 1601, when he left Essex House in the Strand with more than a hundred men brandishing swords, and strode up Ludgate Hill into the City, calling on the citizens to rise in his support. The citizens very sensibly found other things to do and Essex retreated ashen-faced to Essex House, where he was besieged by soldiers sent to arrest him. He surrendered and was imprisoned in the Tower of London before being tried for treason on February 19th. He bore himself with disdainful pride and was duly found guilty. In 1615, James I instructed Sir Thomas Roe to visit the Mughal Emperor Nur-ud-din Salim Jahangir (r.1605–1627) to arrange for a commercial treaty that would give the company exclusive rights to reside and establish factories in Surat and other areas. In return, the company offered to provide the Emperor with goods and rarities from the European market. This mission was highly successful, and Jahangir sent a letter to James through Sir Thomas Roe: [35] This change of mind return policy is in addition to, and does not affect your rights under the Australian Consumer Law including any rights you may have in respect of faulty items. To return faulty items see our Returning Faulty Items policy. A constant battle between the company lobby and Parliament followed for decades. The company sought a permanent establishment, while Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730. [ citation needed] East India Company: Its History and Results article by Karl Marx, MECW Volume 12, p.148 in Marxists Internet Archive

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Bowen, H. V. (2003). Margarette Lincoln; Nigel Rigby (eds.). The Worlds of the East India Company. Rochester, NY: Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85115-877-8. ; 14 essays by scholars William Dalrymple The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company, Bloomsbury, London, 2019, ISBN 978-1-4088-6437-1. Keay, John (1993) [1991]. The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company. HarperCollins UK. ISBN 0002175150. a b c d e Dalrymple, William (2021) [First published 2019]. The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p.xxxv. ISBN 978-1-5266-3401-6 . Retrieved 29 May 2022. Dalrymple, William (24 August 2019). "East India Company sent a diplomat to Jahangir & all the Mughal Emperor cared about was beer". Archived from the original on 24 August 2019 . Retrieved 24 August 2019.

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Broadberry, Stephen; Gupta, Bishnupriya. "The Rise, Organization, and Institutional Framework of Factor Markets". International Institute of Social history. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018 . Retrieved 7 August 2018. Two Hundred And Twenty-five Years Ago. Tea and Antipathy by Frederic D. Schwarz". American Heritage Volume 48. 1997 . Retrieved 25 May 2022. Risley, Sir Herbert H., ed. (1908), The Indian Empire: Historical, Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol.2, Oxford: Clarendon Press, under the authority of H.M. Secretary of State for India Keay 1993, pp. 61, 67: "By late August 1611 [the Company's] factors were ashore at Petapoli and Masulipatnam ... the factory established at Masulipatnam survived and continued to supply the eastern market and to look for new maritime outlets." Mitchell, Stacy (19 July 2016). The big box swindle. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021 . Retrieved 20 April 2018.Asia facts, information, pictures – Encyclopedia.com articles about Asia". encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016 . Retrieved 7 July 2017. Sir John Banks, a businessman from Kent who negotiated an agreement between the king and the company, began his career in a syndicate arranging contracts for victualling the navy, an interest he kept up for most of his life. He knew that Samuel Pepys and John Evelyn had amassed a substantial fortune from the Levant and Indian trades. a b Tracy, James D. (2015). "Dutch and English Trade to the East". In Bentley, Jerry; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay; Wiesner-Hanks, Merry (eds.). The Construction of a Global World, 1400–1800 CE, Part 2, Patterns of Change. The Cambridge World History. Vol.6. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.249. ISBN 9780521192460. In 1608 an EIC ship called at Surat, the main port of Gujarat, and a good place to obtain the Gujarati cottons that had an established market in the Moluccas. But the English were not allowed to establish a factory here until 1615... In an act aimed at strengthening the power of the EIC, King Charles II granted the EIC (in a series of five acts around 1670) the rights to autonomous territorial acquisitions, to mint money, to command fortresses and troops and form alliances, to make war and peace, and to exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction over the acquired areas. [46] Not only was he one of her favourite courtiers, but he was the step-son of her great favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester; the husband of Sir Francis Walsingham's daughter; had been a ward of William Cecil, Baron Burghley (the Queen's trusted Secretary of State), after his father's death in 1576; and he was related to her. His great grandmother was Mary Boleyn, sister of Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn.

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In September the company took out a loan from the Bank of England, to be repaid from the sale of goods later that month. But with buyers scarce, Canada, Asia Pacific Foundation of. "The Opium Wars in China". Asia Pacific Curriculum . Retrieved 7 September 2023. Kumar, Deepak. (2017) The evolution of colonial science in India: natural history and the East India Company." Imperialism and the natural world (Manchester University Press, 2017). Upon which assurance of your royal love I have given my general command to all the kingdoms and ports of my dominions to receive all the merchants of the English nation as the subjects of my friend; that in what place soever they choose to live, they may have free liberty without any restraint; and at what port soever they shall arrive, that neither Portugal nor any other shall dare to molest their quiet; and in what city soever they shall have residence, I have commanded all my governors and captains to give them freedom answerable to their own desires; to sell, buy, and to transport into their country at their pleasure. a b c "The British East India Company – the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)". victorianweb.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2019 . Retrieved 31 May 2010.

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East India Company | Definition, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020 . Retrieved 21 June 2020.

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Within the first two decades of the 17th century, the Dutch East India Company or Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, (VOC) was the wealthiest commercial operation in the world with 50,000employees worldwide and a private fleet of 200ships. It specialised in the spice trade and gave its shareholders 40% annual dividend. [43] Company, East India; Shaw, John (1887). Charters Relating to the East India Company from 1600 to 1761: Reprinted from a Former Collection with Some Additions and a Preface for the Government of Madras. R. Hill at the Government Press. p.217. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020 . Retrieved 21 August 2018. The tension was so high between the Dutch and the British East Indies Trading Companies that it escalated into at least four Anglo-Dutch Wars: [44] 1652–1654, 1665–1667, 1672–1674 and 1780–1784. Essex was tried for high treason on 19th February 1601 and condemned to death. He was executed on 25th February 1601 on Tower Green. Brenner, Robert (1993). Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05594-7.The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and its Dependencies, first issued in 1816, was sponsored by the East India Company, and includes much information relating to the EIC.