A kind of polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) that helps to create beautiful gel-like textures. It is a polymer (created from repeating subunits) molecule and has different molecular weight and thus different viscosity versions from water-light to thick liquid. kDa version: apart from moisturizing, this size might also help the skin to repair itself by increasing its self-defense. According to famous dermatologist, Leslie Baumann while tocopheryl acetate is more stable and has a longer shelf life, it’s also more poorly absorbed by the skin and may not have the same awesome photoprotective effects as pure Vit E.

Naturally, I was thrilled to receive their new Youth Focus range, which uses Pro Retinal 11x, meaning that it has an 11 times faster conversion rate than retinol. A fatty (the good, non-drying kind of) alcohol that makes your skin feel smooth and nice (emollient), helps to thicken up products and also helps water and oil to blend (emulsifier). AHC Youth Focus Pro Retinal Emulsion*: Ordinarily, I would use an essence after a toner, but with this range, it's recommended that the emulsion is used before the essence, in place of serums. A white to beige powder that is described as the golden standard emulsifier for emulsions (oil+water mixtures) that are difficult to stabilize.My only warning would be to start gently - maybe 1/2 times a week, if you are new to any type of retinoids, and build up from there (I can use it nightly), and don't forget your SPF!

The TL;DR version is that retinoids are the royal family of skincare with tretinoin being the king, the only FDA-approved ingredient to treat the signs of photoaging. It’s an ingredient whose safety hasn’t been questioned so far by anyone (at least not that we know about). Super common little helper ingredient that helps products to remain nice and stable for a longer time.

Though its name does not reveal it, Carnosine is a peptide, a small, two amino acid (β-Ala-His) one. If at any time you would like to opt out from marketing, you can visit the Privacy Preferences page and select the relevant options. Other than helping oil and water to blend, the main thing of Olivem 1000 is generating liquid crystal structures that are similar to the lipid structures of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the skin).