This continues as adults. Women have been shown to underestimate their abilities when asked how well they scored on maths tasks, whereas men will overestimate their scores. Women will also do worse on a test if they are first told that their sex typically does worse. Of course this could and does affect school, university and career choices. The brief highlights a paradigm shift in the narrative on gender and climate change. While the specific vulnerabilities of women to climate impacts have intensified, there is also greater awareness of women’s unique strengths and crucial roles in adaptation efforts. When specific toys are marketed to boys it could also be changing the brain to strengthen the connections that are involved in, for instance, spatial recognition. Indeed, when one group of girls played the game Tetris for three months , the brain area involved in visual processing was larger than for those who did not play the game. If girls and boys are presented with different types of hobbies, brain changes could naturally follow suit. Encouragingly, 97.5% of NAPs, 77.1% of Adaptation Communications, and 75% of NDCs submitted until December 2022 explicitly refer to gender, with a notable increase in the case of NDCs – 90% of the NDCs submitted in 2021 and 2022 mention gender, compared to 35% of those submitted in 2020.

Foremost among them was Yahya Sinwar, who returned home to Gaza, eventually becoming Hamas’s most important leader in the territory.

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As countries look to transition their economies away from fossil fuel extraction and other harmful environmental practices, it will be essential to ensure that the benefits of these changes are fairly distributed, ensuring gender-responsive transitions that prioritize the rights of women. In fact, studies show that our own expectations tend to frame how we view others and ourselves. Parents have attributed gender neutral angry faces as boys while happy and sad faces are labelled as girls. Mothers are more likely to emphasise their boys' physical attributes – even setting more adventurous targets for boys than for girls. They also over-estimate crawling abilities for their sons compared to daughters, despite there being no reported physical difference. So, people's own biases could be influencing their children, and so reinforcing these stereotypes.

Within the government-run system, there are some brilliant single-sex schools that are still operating at capacity, doing really well and getting great results.Mr Gove was minister at the Cabinet Office and chaired some 145 of the daily COVID-O operational meetings about the virus response across the government. It's therefore worth remembering why people are conditioned to think that boys are more boisterous and take note of the times this is not true. My daughter is certainly just as loud – if not more so – as her brother, while he also loves pretending to cook. While these are not necessarily representative examples, they also don't fit into our ideas of what boys and girls like. It would be easy for me to otherwise have highlighted my son's propensity to climb on everything and my daughter's preference for pink, glossing over the numerous times she plays with cars and he with dolls.

Studies also show that girls who are heavily into princesses are more concerned with their appearance and more likely to "self-objectify – so they think of themselves as a sexual object," says Maas. The girls that scored highest on "sexualised gender stereotypes" also downplayed traits associated with intelligence. Early on, both girls and boys have been shown to view attractiveness as " incompatible with intelligence and competence" a study found.If from infancy, boys are discouraged from playing with toys we might associate as feminine, then they may not develop a skill set that they might need later in life. If they are discouraged by their peers from playing with dolls, while at the same time they see their mother doing most of the childcare, what does that say about whose role it is to care? And so we enter the realm of "biological essentialism", where we ascribe an innate basis to a behaviour that is, when you delve a bit deeper, highly likely to be learned. UN Climate Change underscores the importance of recognizing the differentiated impacts of climate change, while also leveraging the unique strengths and perspectives of diverse groups to build resilient and effective adaptation strategies. Bhungroo, a gender-just climate solutions award-winning project, is a rainwater harvesting technology developed in Gujarat, India, supporting women in self-help groups respond to recurring droughts and floods that affect agricultural land. Jessica Montell, the executive director of HaMoked, an Israeli human rights organisation focussing on legal issues, said: “Some [on the list] have been convicted; the bulk of those to be released are detainees still awaiting trial, on charges that range from incitement to stone-throwing to attempted murder. However, only 50% of NDCs include gender-related adaptation actions, whereas a more substantial 95% of NAPs and 71.4% of Adaptation Communications incorporate gender-based adaptation action.

Debt charity StepChange, which commissioned the survey, said it came after "two years of cost of living pressures" on household budgets, with prices remaining high despite the recent easing in the rate of inflation.

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The prevalence of private, single-sex high schools in the eastern suburbs is why the state government has prioritised the area for one of its high school mergers. Referring to students by their surnames, for example. Or, for instance, is there a safe and comfortable place for boys and for girls to sit and talk?" Parents will also buy their girls toys and clothes typically marketed for boys but rarely the reverse, often in an attempt to be gender neutral. This in itself gives an interesting insight into how we view gender. Males have always been viewed as the dominant and powerful sex, meaning parents, whether overtly or not, will discourage boys from liking girly things. As Fine explains, "we start to see manifestations of the gender hierarchy – boys seemingly starting to respond to the 'stigma' of femininity even in this early period [of childhood]." And there had been "a tendency amongst successive prime ministers to shove into the Cabinet Office responsibilities that did not appear to fit conveniently elsewhere", such as drug policy and charity issues.