It is entirely understandable that Russia’s neighbours fear a country which has so often invaded and occupied them. It is harder to explain the near hysteria of a distant country such as Britain, which has only twice encountered Russia on the battlefield – and then as the invader, not the invaded. The Russia Anxiety is a valuable effort to assess the long history of the West's Russia-related worries ... Regrettably, more than five years [since the annexation of Crimea], the United States seems no closer to developing either a strategy or a policy to manage its relationship with Russia. Mark Smith's provocative book won't solve that problem alone, but it does offer some valuable guidance in thinking about solutions.

had moderate-severe anxiety; 71.26% of participants had increased stress and anxiety levels; 43.25% could cope with stress For with the chaotic destitution that seemed to many Russians to have been caused by the adoption of western style liberal democracy and market capitalism in the 1990s...

REVIEW article

Perceived stress was significantly associated with depression; Insomnia mediated the association between perceived stress Property of Communists: The Urban Housing Program from Stalin to Khrushchev (Northern Illinois University Press, 2010, 240pp) Mark B. Smith delivers a historically rooted, level-headed blow to the dominant Russophobia that is very much the current view of the 'Russian Bear' on the international stage today; and, as Smith persuasively reveals, an uncritical skepticism and mistrust of Russia has long been the dominant view in the West.

The researchers identified multiple protective factors that reduced stress and anxiety. The protective factors identified in the included studies included spirituality/religion, mindfulness, social support, physical activity, and knowledge about infection prevention and treatment ( 17, 26, 28, 35, 45). Association between stress and anxiety Khoshaim et al. ( 43) examined four coping strategies and found that avoidance was the most preferred coping strategy, followed by mental disengagement and humanitarian work. The researchers found that support-seeking was the least-used coping strategy, with its use being significantly lower in male students. Huang et al. ( 20) compared the use and impact of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies among nursing students. They found that problem-coping was the most utilized strategy. The researchers also found that problem-coping led to increased anxiety among the participants. While 71.26% of participants in the study by Wang and Zhao ( 28) reported increased stress and anxiety, only 43.25% utilized coping mechanisms. Haikalis et al. ( 19) study was the only longitudinal study in our review that compared patients’ anxiety in an ongoing pre-pandemic study with the outcomes during the pandemic. The PSS and PHQ instruments showed that students’ stress and anxiety increased with the campus being closed compared to how they were in the pre-pandemic period. The increased anxiety and stress levels in the pandemic and the war reported by the studies are attributed to multiple factors. First, the uncertainties and instabilities created by the pandemic and the war explain the rise in the stress and anxiety of the surveyed students. Digital news portals (82.8%) and social media networks (72.4%) were the most commonly used news outlets by our participants. Multiple prior studies found that social media platforms had been the most frequently used information source by Generation Z, even for health-related information and recommendations [ 44, 45]. The current finding that digital news portals outperformed social media can be attributed to the questionable credibility of social media networks that may facilitate the dispersion of fake news, especially during conflict times [ 46, 47, 48]. The participants who reported using social media networks had significantly higher levels of anxiety (8.38 ± 5.32) and depression (9.14 ± 6.29) compared to the students who used other news outlets. One explanation for this finding could be attributed to the type of content conveyed by social media platforms that could be more emotional than official news portals and television. Frequent exposure to social media content was associated with higher odds of anxiety among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 [ 49, 50]. Furthermore, according to the study conducted by the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic at the end of 2019, the most traced source of information by the youngest age groups in the Czech Republic was social media [ 51]. Television and radio were the most confidential source of information, while in our study they were consumed by the minority of participants, i.e., TV (37%) and radio (9%). The confidentiality of social media has not been analyzed in that report but disinformation narratives about Russian activities in the Crimea peninsula and in most regions of Ukraine were already included [ 51]. Cohen’s kappa statistic ( κ): 0.01–0.20 as none–light; 0.21–0.40 as fair; 0.41–0.60 as moderate; 0.61–0.80 as substantial; and 0.81–1.00 as perfect agreement [ 23].The question is, why for some people is it particularly severe? And why is it particularly persistent?” Mark B. Smith, university lecturer in 20th-century European history at the University of Cambridge, studied history at Oxford and then at UCL’s School of Slavonic and East European Studies. His teachers there, he recalls, were “major historians The prevalence of anxiety was 52%; Females had higher stress than males; Anxiety and physical inactivity predicted high perceived stress