Li, B. & Sha, M. Scale-Up of Escherichia coli Fermentation from Small Scale to Pilot Scale Using Eppendorf Fermentation Systems. Eppendorf Application Note no.306 (2016). The BioFlo320 system maintained the dissolved oxygen level at 30%, and pure oxygen was supplemented when needed. The temperature was maintained at 27 °C, and the pH was monitored. This setup was chosen, because it was described previously 7, 40. The 1.5 L DASGIP bioreactor maintained the pH at 6.4 ± 0.05 with 25% phosphoric acid and 7.5% sodium bicarbonate. Bioreactor infection strategy From September 14, people living alone and single-parent households will be able to create a bubble with one other person, and they'll be able to visit each other at home — similar to how partners are allowed to visit each other now. Remember to allow the person as much freedom to explore as they choose as possible. This activity will be most beneficial if approached in a playful way. Support the person as necessary, show them some ideas of things that they can do, such as catching the bubbles, and join in with them, but do so in a non-directive manner. There is no goal other than enjoyment and feeling in a better emotional state. In the biopharmaceutical industry, products are mainly produced by cultivating organisms in suspension. A rather small share (only 2.3%) of all newly approved active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are produced with insect cells as host. Insect cells produce recombinant proteins and virus-like particles (VLPs), a highly complex product class that is rapidly gaining importance 1. In contrast, Chinese hamster ovary cells are the main work-horse in biopharmaceutical production; they produced 51% of all newly approved APIs from 2014 to 2018 2. Based on fermentation technologies and operating strategies developed for CHOs, a broad portfolio of methodologies is available, which can be transferred to insect cell processes with only minor modifications. The system of choice for cultivating insect cells in suspension is the CSTR. These bioreactors can be either stainless steel, multi-use systems, with up to 25 m 3 of working volume 3, or a single-use bioreactor with up to 2 m 3 of working volume 4.

S. Saha, B. Saint-Michel, V. Leynes, B. P. Binks and V. Garbin, Rheol. Acta, 2020, 59, 255–266 CrossRef CAS. Y. Holenberg, O. M. Lavrenteva, A. Liberzon, U. Shavit and A. Nir, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 2013, 193, 129–143 CrossRef CAS. Powers AY, Selvaraj V. Bubbles in the brain: A rare complication following transthoracic echocardiography. R I Med J (2013). 2018;101(6):37-39. Published 2018 Aug 1. Zeiser, A. et al. On-line monitoring of physiological parameters of insect cell cultures during the growth and infection process. Biotechnol. Prog. 16(5), 803–808 (2000). Fig. 4(b) examines the sensitivity of bubbles to acoustic radiation forces as a function of their size, defined as the normalised displacement Δ z/ R 0 p 2 as Bjerknes forces are quadratic in pressure amplitude (see Section 2.2). Our experimental data superposes well with the theoretical expression for the average stress applied onto the bubble σ ac/ p 2 from eqn (3b), (3c) and (7), which suggests a linear relation between bubble stress and strain.Close to R 0 = R m, the experiments in Fig. 3 satisfy the yielding criterion ζ ≥ ζ c, yet follow the exact same trend as the other experiments. Material yielding has therefore no impact on the bubble dynamics. This result confirms the prediction made in Sections 2.3 and 3.4 that elastic stresses do not have time to relax in the yielded material and on the time scale of the oscillations. More surprisingly, we note that none of the experiments for which yielding is expected shows any noticeable displacement of the centre of the bubble. 4.3 Response to acoustic radiation forces In Section 4.2 we did not observe any significant displacement of bubbles driven into oscillations at location ①, where they are subject only to the buoyancy force. Next we test the effect of acoustic radiation forces [ eqn (11)] on bubble displacement, by looking at bubbles positioned at location ② where they are subject also to acoustic pressure gradients.

Handlogten, M. W., Zhu, M. & Ahuja, S. Intracellular response of CHO cells to oxidative stress and its influence on metabolism and antibody production. Biochem. Eng. J. 133, 12–20 (2018). P. Lefrançois, E. Ibarboure, B. Payré, E. Gontier, J.-F. L. Meins and C. Schatz, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2015, 132, 42761 CrossRef. Dive into a world of colorful bubbles and let the soothing rhythm of popping relieve your stress like never before. Bubble Stress is the mobile game designed to captivate and engage, providing a blissful escape from the demands of everyday life. Immerse yourself in this enchanting experience and watch your worries dissipate with every burst. Fig. 4(c) directly plots the acoustic radiation strain Δ z/ R 0 as a function of the corresponding stress, normalised here by the yield stress σ Y. We compute here the stress using experimental values of ζ, R 0, p and | ∇ p| and we choose cos( ϕ) based on eqn (3c). The data confirms the linear trend suggested from Fig. 4(b) at low applied stresses and shows a noticeable non-linear deviation for higher stresses. As yielding due to the oscillation amplitude has no impact on the bubble mobility (see ESI, † Section S3), this deviation may only stem from a non-linear behaviour of the emission setup or non-linear elasticity of the Carbopol. We measure the slope of the linear trend at low stress in Fig. 4(c) to extract an estimate of the linear elastic modulus of the surrounding medium G = 44.4 ± 3.5 Pa, following eqn (8). This value is in fair agreement with that obtained from bulk oscillatory rheology, G = 36.0 Pa.Since our experiments show that bubble oscillations up to the shape oscillation threshold are linear in the time domain, we may combine eqn (3b) and (24) to derive explicitly the critical pressure p c, k for all modes k. One surprising consequence of eqn (24) is that, despite modelling the three-dimensional growth of spherical harmonics Y m k generally defined by two shape modes k and m, the critical pressure of the model is independent of m. The amplitude part of the transfer function [ eqn (3b)] gives the resonance curve of the bubble. The phase lag between the bubble oscillation and the pressure field ϕ made explicit in eqn (3c) spans from π for f ≪ f 0 in the low frequency case to 0 for f ≫ f 0 in the high frequency case. Relaxation response. Dr. Herbert Benson, director emeritus of the Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, has devoted much of his career to learning how people can counter the stress response by using a combination of approaches that elicit the relaxation response. These include deep abdominal breathing, focus on a soothing word (such as peace or calm), visualization of tranquil scenes, repetitive prayer, yoga, and tai chi. Duerkop, M. et al. Impact of cavitation, high shear stress and air/liquid interfaces on protein aggregation. Biotechnol. J. 13, 1800062 (2018).