Florentino Martinez Garcia, Magic in the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Metamorphosis of Magic: From Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period, compilers Jan Bremmer and Jan R. Veenstra (Leuven: Peeters, 2003). Gnosticism largely relies on Greek and Persian dualism, especially on Platonism. In accordance with Platonism, they regarded the idea as good while considering the material and conscious world to be inherently evil. [115] The demonized star-deities of late Persian religion became associated with a demon, thus identifying the seven observable planets with a demonic ruler. [116] These demons rule over the earth and the realm of planets, representing different desires and passions. [117] According to Origen, the Ophites depicted the world as surrounded by the demonic Leviathan. [118] Reynolds, Gabriel Said, "Angels", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Consulted online on 17 August 2021. doi: 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204. First published online: 2009. First print edition: 9789004181304, 2009, 2009-3

We followed the instructions and sprayed the product on a windscreen before a frosty night to see the outcome the following morning. James W. Boyd (1975). Satan and Māra: Christian and Buddhist Symbols of Evil. Brill Archive. ISBN 9789004041738. p. 47 Hinduism advocates the reincarnation and transmigration of souls according to one's karma. Souls ( Atman) of the dead are adjudged by the Yama and are accorded various purging punishments before being reborn. Humans that have committed extraordinary wrongs are condemned to roam as lonely, often mischief mongers, spirits for a length of time before being reborn. Many kinds of such spirits ( Vetalas, Pishachas, Bhūta) are recognized in the later Hindu texts. According to Hinduism, demons are not inherently evil beings, but good by following their dharma what is being evil and deceitful. However, nothing is purely evil or good, and a demon could eventually abandon his demonic nature. Gerhard Doerfer, Wolfram Hesche Türkische Folklore-Texte aus Chorasan Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998 ISBN 978-3-447-04111-9 p. 62 (German) Valery Rees From Gabriel to Lucifer: A Cultural History of Angels Bloomsbury Publishing, 04.12.2012 ISBN 978-0-857-72162-4 p. 81

Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum The Daimon in Hellenistic Astrology: Origins and Influence BRILL 2015 ISBN 9789004306219 p. 120 David S. Margoliouth; The Devil's Delusion by Ibn al-Jawzi, 1935, Bd. 1, chapter: Account of the way wherein he deludes the Dualists. a b "Demon". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 May 2012 . Retrieved 12 April 2012.

Peter Brown Sorcery, Demons, and the Rise of Christianity from Late Antiquity into the Middle AgeBookWhile some people fear demons, or attempt to exorcise them, others willfully attempt to summon them for knowledge, assistance, or power. The ceremonial magician usually consults a grimoire, which gives the names and abilities of demons as well as detailed instructions for conjuring and controlling them. Grimoires are not limited to demons – some give instructions for the invocation of deity, a process called theurgy. The use of ceremonial magic to call demons is also known as goetia, the name taken from a section in the famous grimoire known as the Lesser Key of Solomon. [135] Wicca [ edit ]